One of the central ideas in "The Comprehension of Jokes" is the concept of incongruity. This refers to the unexpected or surprising elements in a joke that create humor. Ritchie explains how our brains detect these incongruities and how they contribute to the overall comedic effect. Understanding this concept is crucial for grasping why certain jokes are funny and others are not.

Another key idea explored in the book is the notion of superiority. This theory suggests that humor often arises from a sense of superiority over others. Ritchie discusses how jokes can play on social hierarchies and power dynamics, making us laugh at the expense of others. This idea is important for understanding the social functions of humor and its impact on human interactions.

The book also delves into the idea of impropriety, which involves breaking social norms or taboos. Ritchie examines how jokes that push boundaries or challenge societal expectations can be particularly funny. This concept helps to explain why certain types of humor, such as dark or edgy jokes, can be so appealing to some audiences.